7. An Extravagant Art. By 1830, Paris had become the opera capital of the world, largely through the ability of its theaters to mount productions with striking scenic effects, and provide the large orchestras, choruses, and ballets required to put on an impressive show. The form that emerged, grand opéra, was largely the creation of one man, Giacomo Meyerbeer (1791–1864), yet his example immediately attracted similar works by Rossini, Donizetti, and others, and would have a lasting influence on Verdi, Wagner, and opera in general through the end of the century.

The first hour will consist of an overview of Meyerbeer’s masterpiece, Les Huguenots (1836), which happens to be the one opera of the period available in a production that comes close to the original in style. In the second hour, we look at two characteristic aspects of grand opéra—ballet and pageantry—to see how they surfaced again in operas by Wagner and Verdi, and how they are treated by modern directors working in an era when stylistic expectations have changed so completely! rb.

 
The script, videos, and images will be posted immediately after class.

 
Most of the clips shown in class are availble on YouTube, though not always with titles or in high quality. The Huguenots is the full opera, cued to the points we picked it up in class. The dance clips from Stefan Herheim's Vêpres siciliennes that I showed are not available, but I do include the ballet documentary that I mentioned, and the full version of the boléro from the final act. The Aïda productions from Bregenz and Paris are available as trailers only, although here again I include the very interesting interview with the Paris director, Robert Carsen.

GIACOMO MEYERBEER
  Les Huguenots   Act III opening (Opera Australia)
Act IV conspirators' scene
Act IV duet
Act V trio and ending
 
RICHARD WAGNER
  Tannhäuser   Entrance of the guests, Act II (1845)
Bacchanal, Act I (Paris revision, 1865)
 
GIUSEPPE VERDI
  Les vêpres siciliennes   Act III ballet, ending (La Scala)
Stefan Herheim on the 2013 London production
Act V Boléro (London, 2013)
  Aïda   Act II, scene 1, ballet (Metropolitan Opera)
Act II, scene 2, opening (as above)
Act II, scene 2, opening (Barcelona)
Act II, scene 2, march and ballet (as above)
Verona production, 2023, ballet
Bregenz production, 2009, trailer
Paris production, 2021, trailer
— documentary on this production
London production, 2022, opening
— documentary on this production

 
ARTISTS

Here are brief bios of the artists, composers, and writers considered in the class, listed in order of birth.

Giacomo Meyerbeer, 1791–1864. German composer working in France.
 
Although born and trained in Germany, Meyerbeer began his prolific opera career in Italy, falling under the spell of the serious operas of Rossini. He moved to Paris in 1826 and began a series of operas that essentially defined the notion of Grand Opera, among them Robert le Diable (1831), Les Huguenots (1836), Le Prophète (1849), and L'Africaine (1865).
Giuseppe Verdi, 1813–1901. Italian opera composer.
 
Verdi's two dozen or more operas (depending on how you count them) make him the leading Italian opera composer of his time and among the two or three greatest opera composers ever. After what he called his "years in the galleys," he hit his stride in the early 1850s with the trio of Rigoletto, Il Trovatore, and La Traviata. He intended Aïda (1870) to be his last work, but was persuaded out of retirement to write his final Shakespearean masterpieces: Otello (1886) and Falstaff (1893).
Richard Wagner, 1813–83. German opera composer.
 
Wagner almost single-handedly transformed the nature not only of opera but also of harmony and orchestration. His 10 mature operas include Tristan und Isolde (1865), Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg (1868), and the vast tetralogy Der Ring des Nibelungen (completed 1876), for which he had a special theater built at Bayreuth. His final opera, Parsifal (1882), was written for exclusive performance at that theater.

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