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This page makes no claim to being a complete bibliography. Many of the artists, composers, and especially writers discussed are handled in the conventional histories, but others have been brought back into the light only through the surge of feminist scholarship in the past few decades. So the literature on these women tends to be a composite of articles, liner notes, and catalogues, rather than books. Rather than list all the sources I have consulted, I concentrate on those few books that specialize in covering the women in a particular field, plus a few more detailed accounts of individuals mentioned in the various classes. I will keep adding to this last category as my preparation for the course continues. In general, I have chosen books for accessibilty rather than scholarship, prioritizing those that are most copiously illustrated. I have also included AMAZON links and prices, but note that many of these texts may also be available used or on Kindle. rb.

The first three books are all highly recommended: the first two because of the breadth of their coverage and simply gorgeous physical presentation, the third because it offers a digestible anthology of the work of the pioneering scholar in the field, Linda Nochlin. The books that follow will mainly deal with individual artists and issues; I shall be adding to them over the next few weeks.

  
Morrill, Rebecca (ed.): Great Women Artists, Phaidon 2019.
Morrill, Rebecca (ed.): Great Women Painters, Phaidon 2022.
AMAZON $40 (Artists), AMAZON $52 (Painters)
  Yes, they are expensive, but Great Women Artists and Great Women Painters (the strikeout is part of the title) are coffee-table books to die for, with almost 400 full-page illustrations in each, all in full color. There is no way I would have known of the range and richness of contemporary art by women without these books, and I would probably have missed many of the historical figures too. If you buy only one, make it the Artists volume, as some of the most inventive work is done in media other than painting. But Painters is even more gorgeous, and while it covers many of the same names, it does so with entirely different examples. The written introductions to both volumes, though relatively short, are both superb.
  
Reilly, Maura (ed.): Women Artists, the Linda Nochlin Reader, Thames and Hudson 2020.
Nochlin, Linda: Representing Women, Thames and Hudson 2019.
AMAZON $25 (Women Artists), AMAZON $27 (Representing Women)
  Linda Nochlin's 1971 ARTnews essay, Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists? is considered to be a foundation document of feminist art history. It is reprinted in the first anthology, together with her review of the subject thirty years on, numerous other articles on women artists through the ages, and an excellent extended conversation with the editor, Maura Reilly. The collection is supported by photographs, many of which are in color. The second volume contains six rather longer essays on how women have been represented by male artists; it is rather more technical, and illustrated only in black and white.

Perhaps it is my fault for proposing such a vague category, but it places us in awkward territory for books. There are a good number of scholarly studies of patrons (female and otherwise) in closely defined historical periods, but all are too narrow for our course. Fortunately the Gere & Vaizey book below casts its net very wide indeed, and is as good an introduction as you could wish. "Muse" is an even vaguer term: the Ruth Millington book gets right down to examining its validity, while the more selective but more chatty Francine Prose book has the advantage of featuring muses in literature, music, and dance as well as the visual arts. I am sure I will add books on individual figures later, but have only two for now: Peggy Guggenheim among the patrons, because hers is a first-hand account by an important collector, and Alma Mahler, because she is such a vivid and controversial figure.

  
Gere, Charlotte and Marina Vaizey: Great Women Collectors, Abrams 1999.
AMAZON $24
  The sheer range of this book is inspiring, running from monarchs and royal mistresses to the women who created the great museums of present-day America. The authors' style is a little dry, but non-technical and perfectly approachable. This is one that I have bought for myself.
  
Millington, Ruth: MUSE: Uncovering the Hidden Figures Behind Art History's Masterpieces, Pegasus 2022.
AMAZON $17
  I can do no better than to quote two of the book-jacket appraisals of the book. "A rich and detailed unravelling of the romanticised myth of the muse. Ruth Millington nimbly returns agency to the pictured people of art history and in doing so reveals their ambitions, creativity and far-reaching influence." And "Art historian Millington explodes the entrenched stereotype of a young, attractive, female muse, existing at the mercy of an influential, older male artist in this fascinating revisionist debut. This brilliantly illuminates how the act of portraiture is a two-way street."
  
Prose, Francine: The Lives of the Muses: Nine Women & the Artists They Inspired, Harper 2003.
AMAZON $13
  Prose is a novelist, and her nine chapters are as well-written as they are well-chosen. Furthermore, she is the only one to consider the role of muse in arts other than the visual. Her nine women (and the men they inspired) are: Hester Thrale (Dr. Johnson), Alice Liddell (Lewis Carroll), Elizabeth Siddal (Rossetti and others), Lou Andreas-Salomé‚ (Rilke and others), Gala Dalí (Dalí and others), Lee Miller (Man Ray and others), Charis Wilson (Edward Weston), Suzanne Farrell (Balanchine), Yoko Ono (John Lennon).
  
Guggenheim, Peggy: Confessions of an Art Addict, HarperCollins 1997.
AMAZON $10
  Guggenheim built up one of the most impressive collections of abstract and surrealist art anywhere, and her memoirs are as valuable for her personal insights into the artists as for the business of colecting itself.
  
Hilmes, Oliver (tr. Donald Arthur): Malevolent Muse: The Life of Alma Mahler, Northeasters 2015.
AMAZON KINDLE $26
  From the book description: Of all the colorful figures on the twentieth-century European cultural scene, hardly anyone has provoked more-polarized reactions than Alma Schindler Mahler Gropius Werfel (1879 1964). Mistress to a long succession of brilliant men, she married three of the best known: the composer Gustav Mahler, the architect Walter Gropius, and the writer Franz Werfel. Her admirers regarded Alma as a self-sacrificing figure of inspiration to great artists, many of whom indeed exhibited a remarkable devotion to her. Her detractors saw her as a self-aggrandizing social climber, a boozy, bigoted, vengeful harlot—or as one contemporary put it, "She was a grande dame and at the same time a cesspool."

I strongly recommend the first book below, even though it deals with only eight composers, as it is eminently readable and maintains a nice balance between biography and analysis. For more completeness, however, you are torn between an encyclopedia that is already out of date and a later book that is poorly written; consider these only if you can get them cheap. I have also added a book of piano pieces by women composers; if you play the piano, you can have at least some of the music literally at your fingertips.

  
Beer, Anna: Sounds and Sweet Airs, Oneworld 2016.
AMAZON $15
  This is by far the most accessible book on women composers that I have found. Beer chooses eight composers from different periods (Francesa Caccini, Barbara Strozzi, Élisabeth Jacquet de la Guerre, Marianna Martines, Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel, Clara Wieck Schumann, Lili Boulanger, and Elizabeth Maconchy) and, devoting 40 or so pages to each, gives us something about their lives plus a description of key pieces of their music. I have only just bought it, but know that many of my own capsules in the course will be based on Beer's book, which is already enticing me to listen to music that I don't yet know.
  
Sadie, Julie Anne (ed.): Norton/Grove Dictionary of Women Composers, Norton 1995.
AMAZON USED $7+
  Produced to the high standards associated with both Norton and Grove, this contains entries on 875 women composers from the earliest times to the near-present, with biographical information, lists of major works, and some photographs. However, scholarship in feminist music history is proceeding so fast that even a book published as late as 1995 is likely to be out of date.
  
McVicker, Mary Frech: Women Composers of Classical Music, McFarland 2011.
AMAZON KINDLE $10
  I include this only as a somewhat more recent alternative to the Norton/Grove dictionary above. McVicker lists 365 composers, grouping them chronologically in broad periods. Her writing, however, is of the most basic kind, and soon becomes tedious in its lack of nuance.
  
Smith, Gail (ed.): Women Composers in History: 18 Piano Pieces by 8 Composers, Hal Leonard 2013
AMAZON $15
  Accessible music you can play. The composers featured are: Amy Marcy Beach, Teresa Carreno, Cecile Chaminade, Louise Dumont Farrenc, Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel, Margaret Ruthven Lang, Clara Gottschalk Peterson, and Clara Schumann. I'm sorry to say that, after playing through them all, I find maybe half a dozen pieces I will keep coming back to, but the rest are rather anodyne. I think that since this selection has been targeted to the player of moderate ability, it can only show that women can write entertainingly for children and amateurs, which is nice but no surprise. So you won't find anything ground-breaking or even challenging here though that does not mean that no such pieces exist.

For whatever reason, women writers have secured a place in history much sooner and in greater numbers than painters or composers, and they are treated in the general histories. For this reason, I am excluding mere lists from this section, and concentrating instead on anthologies or books that specifically explore the issues affecting women in the literary world. The first pair of books, by Elaine Showalter, are an example of each type; they are my main recommendation.

  
Showalter, Elaine: A Jury of her Peers: Celebrating American Women Writers, Vintage 2010.
Showalter, Elaine (ed.): The Vintage Book of American Women Writers, Vintage 2011.
AMAZON $18 (Jury), AMAZON $22 (anthology)
  These books are clearly devised as a pair: a detailed history of women's writing in America from Anne Bradstreet to Annie Proulx, and a copious anthology of work by writers mentioned in the first book; I cannot think of a single significant name who is not represented. Showalter's style is fluid and approachable, but she is obviously a scholar—an ideal combination!
  
Gordon, Lyndall: Outsiders: Five Women Writers Who Changed the World, Hopkins 2019
AMAZON $30
  Long essays on four major writers (Mary Shelley, Emily Brontë, George Eliot, and Virginia Woolf) plus one less-well-known one (Olive Schreiner). All are good, and the chapter on Mary Shelley is superb.
  
Plimpton, George (ed.): Women Writers at Work: The Paris Review Interviews, Random House 1998.
AMAZON $17
  From the mouth of the oracle herself: interviews with major writers, not all conducted by Plimpton but collected by him, and prefaced by a superb introduction by Margaret Atwood. The writers are: Marianne Moore, Katherine Anne Porter, Rebecca West, Dorothy Parker, P. L. Travers, Simone de Beauvoir, Eudora Welty, Elizabeth Bishop, Mary McCarthy, Nadine Gordimer, Maya Angelou, Anne Sexton, Toni Morrison, Susan Sontag, Joan Didion, and Joyce Carol Oates.

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